Crusher and spreader



April 23, 1940. L.. MARCH CRUSHER AND SPREADER Filed April 2l, 1938 2Sheets-Sheet 1 l H im- 11.7 LII Apl z3, 1940. 4. MARCH 2,198,547

GRUSHER AND SPREADER Filed April 21, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 fueifuor.'fyfyeze Manch,

'icr

9,0 with the probability c Patented Apr. 23, 1940 TATES 16 Claims.

My invention relates to a new and useful crusher and spreader forcinders, gravel and other fragments of rather hard material and isparticularly adapted for use in distributing or '5 broadcasting theparticles of cinders, gravel or the like on roadways that have becomeslippery from ice or other causes for the purpose of reducing theprobability of accidents due to automobiles skidding.

Material to be spread upon roads is often piled along the sides of roadson which it is to be used and weather conditions may cause it to becomelumpy or large pieces of foreign material such as bricks, stones andother articles may become mixed with the road covering material unknownto the workmen. In some appliances such foreign material will stop themachinery and possibly damage the same, While in others it would bethrown out with the smaller material of damaging vehicles or injuringpedestrians. Therefore it is an object of the present invention toprovide a construction that ordinarily will crush large or lumpymaterial but permit passage of bulky uncrushable 25 articles betweencrushing apparatus so as not to halt the operations or damage themachine.

Another object of the invention is to construct a crusher and spreaderof this class as a unitary structure capable of being attached to avehicle,

3o such as an automobile truck, and operated by the vehicle enginethrough a supplementary power take-ofi or any part of the drivenmechanism of such vehicle by the use of suitable driving means.

Another object of this invention is to provide a crusher and spreaderincluding a driven crusher roll and a pair of adjustable pressure rolls,one on each of opposite sides of the crusher roll, said pressure rollsbeing resiliently urged towards the m crusher roll for applying thenecessary pressure to eiect a breaking action on material passingbetween the crusher roll and either of the pressure rolls.

Another object of my invention is to provide an arrangement of rollswhereby material will 'travel past the crusher roll in an effectivemanner regardless of the direction in which said crusher roll isrevolved, thereby causing the materia] to'be crushed and delivered to ascattering i table regardless of the direction of travel of the vehicleon which the device is mounted.

Another object of the invention is to swingingly support hangers whichholdvthe bearings for the shafts of the pressure rolls.

Another object of the invention is to pivotally mount the bearings forthe shafts of the pressure rolls on the free ends of the hangers topermit adjustment of said bearings to the various angles assumed by saidshafts due to changes in positions of the pressure rolls relative to thecrusher roll caused by different sizes of material passing between therolls.

Another object of this invention is to make a crusher and spreaderincluding upper side frame members and a lower frame member, the formerhaving plates secured thereto cooperating to produce a hopper and havingan apertured top plate which shields portions of the apparatus andprovides an entrance to the hopper, said entrance being protected by agrating preferably consisting of bars disposed across the aperture inthe top plate. The frame thus provided supports the several rolls andthe spreading or scattering table which table is positioned beneath therolls and revolves in a horizontal plane for broadcasting the materialby centrifugal force, said table and the crusher roll preferably beingdriven in unison from a power driven shaft carried by the frame of thedevice.

With the above and other objects which will be apparent from thedescription in view, this invention consists of the details ofconstruction and combination of elements hereinafter set forth and thendesignated by the claims.

In order that those skilled in the art to which this inventionappertains, may understand how to make and use the same, I will describea particular form thereof, referring by numerals to the accompanyingdrawings, in which:

Fig. l is a rear end view of a crusher and spreader constructedaccording to my invention with portions broken away and shown in sectionto illustrate detalls of construction.

Fig. 2 is a top plan View thereof.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary illustration of a conventional automobile truckor vehicle showing a portion of the rear end of the vehicle frame inelevation and the rear end of the body in section with the crusher andspreader attached thereto.

Fig. 4 is a section on the line H- of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the rolls and appurtenancesillustrating the manner in which the pressure rolls may assume differentpositions relative to the crusher roll due to the introduction of largeor bulky articles between them.

In carrying out my invention as herein embodied l0 represents the frameof the crusher and spreader including two suitably spaced upper sideframe members Il and l2 to the bottom of the machine.

2 ends of` which is secured the lower frame membex` Il extending vacrossthe space between said side frame members. Eachupper side frame memberII, I2 is preferably fashioned to provide a narrow portion or neck I4and a wide portion or head I5 above the neck thereby leaving spaces ateach edgewise side of each neck to permit certain parts of the machineassociated with the pressure rolls to swing underneath of portions ofthe heads. t

Each upper side frame member is provided with a bearing I6 or equivalentmeans to receive the ends of the shaft I1 of the crusher roll I8. Ifdesirable, said shaft may be two stubs, one

carried by each end of the crusher roll. The

crusher roll I8 has longitudinal ribs I9 on its exterior surface whichribs preferably are triangular in cross section as plainly shown in Fig.4.

Each upper side frame member also has two bearings above the location ofbearing I 8, one of said bearings 2D being at each side of bearing I6.In each bearing 20 is mounted a trunnion or shaft 2I fixed in positionby a holding means 22, such as a pin, and all of said trunnions projectfrom the outer faces of the side frame members. On each trunnion 2| isjournalled a swinging hanger 23 so that there are two of them at eachside of the machine frame and the lower` ends of said hangers extendbelow the heads of the side frame members to locations on both sides ofthe necks of said frame members, Figs. 3 and 4.

From the inner faces of the lower or free ends of the swinging hangers23 project ears 2B, Fig. 1, arranged in pairs on each hanger and betweenthese pairs of ears are located bearings 25 for lateral movement. Topermit this lateral movement the bearings 25 may be mounted on the plainends of pivoting bolts 26 having threaded connection with the ears 24.In the bearings 25 oi a pair of directly opposite hangers 23 arejournalled the ends of a shaft 21 of a pressure roll 28 and such shaftsmay be stubs at each end of the roll. 'Ihere are two pressure rolls, oneon each side of the crusher roll so that the axes of all rolls are inthe same horizontal plane as will be obvious by reference to Fig 4.

The pressure rolls 28 are urged towards the crusher rolls by springs 29having their ends attached to a pair of the hangers on the same side w\A convenient way to install the sprin`gs/is to attach the Yends thereofto eye bolts 30 mounted in outwardly projecting ears 3I on the lowerends of the hangers 23. The movements of the pressure rolls towards thecrusher roll are limited and regulated by the adjustable stops 32,preferably bolts threaded through the ears 33 on the outside of the sideframe members II and I2 and located in the path of inward travel of thehangers and said stop bolts may have lock nuts 34 thereon. From theforegoing it will be noted that while the pressure rolls are constantlyurged by the resilient pull of the springs towards the crusher roll theproximity to which said pressure rolls can approach the crusher roll isregulated and limited by the adjustable stops. In this manner the sizeof the material to be scattered can be predetermined if not already xedby previous comminution.

Below the rolls is located a revolving scattering table 35 in ahorizontal plane and capable of rotating in either direction. This tablehas an axle 3B mounted in a bearing 37 on the lower frame member I3 sothat it may be readily revolved. While said table and the crusher rollmay be operated separately it is preferred that tion with a vehicle,

they be revolved by a single mechanism but not necessarily at the samespeed. Illustrative of a suitable drive mechanism I have shown a gear 38on the axle of the scattering table which gear meshes with another gear38 on a power driven shaft 40 journalled in bearings 4I and 42 carriedby the lowerv frame member I3. Motion is also .transmitted from theshaft 48 to the crusher roll I8, as through a sprocket 48 on the shaft48, a sprocket 44 on the crusher roll shaft I1, and a chain 45 runningon said sprockets. The power from a prime mover, such as the engine of amotor truck, may be applied to the driving mechanism of the table andcrusher roll in any suitable manner, and at any desirable point of thedriving mechanism. As an example I have illustrated the shaft 48 asprovided with a second sprocket 46 on which runs a chain 41 forconnection with a power take-o means (not shown) such as the drivingmechanism of the vehicle.

Referring to Fig. 4 it will be noted that ii' the shaft 40 is drivenclockwise the crusher roll will be revolved in the same direction,causing material to pass between said crusher roll and the pressure rollat the right hand side in said Fig. 4 but if the shaft 40 is drivencounter-clockwise the crusher roll also will be revolvedcounter-clockwise and material will pass between said crusher 51111 andthe pressure roll at the left hand side of In order to insure thescattering of the material, cleats 48 are mounted on the top surface ofthe table 35.

To direct the material to the rolls convergent plates 49 are locatedbetween the upper side frame members at the front and back of the deviceand the ends of said plates are secured to angular cleats 50 on theinner surfaces of said side frame members.- In addition to acting aswalls of a hopper said plates 49 assist in bracing the side framemembers and strengthening the whole frame.

Resting on and secured to the upper edges of the side frame members IIis a top plate 5I` which further strengthens and braces the machineirame and also acts as a guard or shield for the swinging hangers andparts associated therewith. This top plate has an opening 52 through itto function as an entrance for material supplied to the rolls. Toprevent the possibility of a person falling into the rolls or having hislegs enter the machine, bars 53, or equivalent means, are disposedacross the opening 52 and such bars are shown mounted in holes 54 instrips 55 secured to the underneath face ofthe top plate at two oppositesides of the opening byfastening means 56, and said outer ends toprevent displacement of the bars.

'I'he device being adapted to be used in connecit may be attachedthereto in any suitable or convenient manner but should be locatedrelative to the vehicle body so that material may flow from the bodythrough an outletY into the entrance opening in the top plate. To thisend, for purposes of illustration only, I have shown, in Fig. 3, angleirons 51 projecting beyond the rear end of a vehicle frame 58 with thedevice vsecured to said angle irons in a location that when the vehiclebody 59 is raised and tilted the outlet 60 will be in a position tocause the material in the body to flow through the outlet in the opening52 in the top plate 5I. The new of material from the vehicle body iscontrolled by a door or shutter 6I.

As the material enters the hopper portion of holes 54 are closed attheir the machine it will be directed to the rolls and as the crusherroll is revolved the material will be drawn in between said crusher rolland one of the pressure rolls, according to the direction of revolutionof the crusher roll, and beg/crushed, broken up or comminuted andallowed to drop onto the scattering table from which it will bebroadcast by centrifugal force onto the road over which the vehicle istravelling. Should extra large pieces of material enter .between therolls whether they can or' cannot be crushed, such pieces will cause thepressure rolls, or one of them, to recede from the crusher roll assuggested in Fig. 5. Where the ends of a pressure roll recede unevenlyor to different distances from the crusher roll, the bearings 25automatically ad just themselves laterally to the angularity of thepressure roll shaft so that no binding effect occurs. The action of thesprings on the pressure rolls causes the material to be crushed and withthe ribs on the crusher roll large pieces will be broken up or groundinto smaller particles.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2 means may be employed to control the directionin which the material can be broadcast by the scattering table and canalso function to retain any extra large or uncrushed objects on thescattering table to prevent such objects from being thrown out andlikely damaging other vehicles or injuring pedestrians. To this end Ihave shown for purposes of illustration one form of what I term anadjustable shutter to control the flow of material from the scatteringtable. This adjustable shutter may include a ring 62 secured to theframe of the machine, as the upwardly'projecting arms of the lower framemember i3 above the scattering table 35. The ring encloses an areaslightly larger than said table, above the same and concentricvtherewith, and extends downwardly to a location adjacent the perimeterof the table in order to leave a space sufficiently large to permit theordinary comminuted material to pass under the ring, but said spacebeing small enough to prevent uncrushed or bulky objects from beingdislodged from the table. To the inside of the ring 62 may be detaehablyand adjustably fastened a number of arcuate bands 63 by suitablefastening means 64, such as screws,`projected through slots 63 in saidarcuate bands and mounted in the ring 62. By leaving oi one arcuateband, as the one between the points 65 and 66, Fig. 2, the material willbe discharged from the scattering table from the space between saidpoints 65 and 66 at the bottom of the illustration in Fig. 2 and thisspace may be at the back of the machine. Any other number of the arcuatebands, even all of them, may be removed or some of them may be moved todifferent ,positions about the ring to determine the location orlocations of the discharge or said arcuate bands may be adjustedvertically to regulate the distance to which the material may bebroadcast within a possible maximum controlled by the speed at which thevehicle is travelling. In other words, assume that there are fourarcuate bands 63 all of equal length and originally located so thatthere is one directly at the front of the scattering table, anotherdirectly at the rear thereof and one at each side. Now if it is desiredto discharge the material rearwardly the rear band is elevated and theothers lowered. This will provide a discharge space at the rear only.Likewise if it is desired to ydischarge the material to one side or tothe front then the necessary band is elevated and the others lowered. Insome instances the material can be discharged to one side and the rearor to both sides and the rear or to only both sides in which case theproper bands are elevated leaving the other band or bands lowered. Thereare other locations from where it is sometimes desirable to dischargethe material, for example, from one rear side. In this case all of thebands are detached, moved around the scattering table one-eighth of itscircumference and replaced. This will position the bands so that the twotowards the rear make up the rear barrier and partial side barriers. Nowby elevation of only one of the bands towards the rear the material willbe discharged partially at the rear and partially at one side.

From the foregoing it will be evident that I have provided a simple,strong, durable and enlcent device which will readily reduce the majorportion of any materialA run through the machine to the desired nenessbut should any large or bulky uncrushable objects pass into the rolls,the pressure rolls can recede sumciently to permit such objects to passbetween the rolls without damaging the machine. y

Of course I do not wish to be limited to the exact details ofconstruction herein shown and described as these may be varied withinthe scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of myinvention.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and useful is:

1. A crusher and spreader comprising a frame, a power driven crusherroll journalled in said frame, a pair of freely revolving pressurerolls, one on each side of the crusher roll and mounted for to and fromovement relative to said crusher roll, means to urge said pressurerolls towards the crusher roll, and a power driven scattering tablejournalled in the frame below the rolls.

2. The structure in claim 1, in combination with angular cleats on theinner surfaces of the frame at both sides, and plates secured to saidcleats and inclined to direct material between adjacent rolls.

3. The structure in claim 1, in combination with a top plate secured tothe upper edges of the frame, `said top plate having an openingtherethrough, strips secured to the under side of said top plate andlocated adjacent two opposite edges of the opening, and bars disposedacross said opening with their ends mounted in the strip.

4. In a device of the character described, a pair of spaced upper sideframe members, a U-shaped lower frame member having its ends secured tothe side frame members with a portion bridging the space between saidside frame members, a scattering table journalled on the lower framemember to revolve in a horizontal plane, a crusher roll journalled inthe side frame members above the scattering table, hangers mounted attheir upper ends on the exterior of the side frame members so the lowerends of said hangers can swing, pressure rolls journalled in the lowerends of said hangers for to and fro movements rela- -v overhanging headportions of the side trame members, one at each side of the necks,bearings pivotally mounted on the lower ends of said hangers. pressurerolls `journalled in the bearings of hangers at opposite sides oftheframe and capable of uneven to and i'ro movements relative to thecrusher roll, means to urge said pressure rollsA towards the crusherroll, and means below the rolls for scattering material crushed by andowing from said rolls.

7. 'I'he structure in claim 6, in combination with adjustable stops onthe frame side members in the path of inward travel of the hangers.

8. The structure in claim 6, in combination with longitudinal ribs oftriangular cross-section on the crusher roll, and means on top of theframe to shield the hangers and component parts thereof.

9. In a device oi' the kind described, a frame including side memberswith necks and heads, portions of the heads overhanging the edges of thenecks, and a U-shaped lower frame member secured at its ends to thebottom edges of the frame side'members, bearings on the neckr portionsof the frame side members, a ribbed crusher roll, a shaft thereforjournalled in said bearings, a bearing on the lower frame member, ascattering table, an axle carried by the table and journalled in thebearing on the lower frame member for horizontal rotary movement, cleatson the top surface of said table, means to simultaneously revolve thetable and crusher roll, other bearings on the frame side members aboveand a pair to each side of the crusher roll, hangers having means attheir upper ends for swingingly mounting them in the last named bearingswith the lower ends of said hangers extending below the overhangingportions of the heads oi the frame side members, pairs of earsprojecting inwardly from the lower ends of the hangers, bearingspivotally mounted between the pairs of ears i'or lateral movement,pressure rolls, shafts therefor journalled in the laterally movablebearings so that one pressure roll is on each side the crusher roll andcapable of uneven to and fro movements relative to said crusher roll, anoutwardly projecting ear at the lower end of each hanger, an eye bolt ineach of the last mentioned ears, a spring between the pairs of hangersat each side of the device with the ends of the springs attached to theeye bolts, adjustable stops on they frame in the path of inward travelof the hangers, convergent plates between the frame side members fordirecting material to the rolls, and an apertured top plate mounted onthe frame.

I0. A crusher and spreader comprising a frame, a crusher roll journalledin said frame for rotation in either direction, pressure rolls one oneach side of the crusher roll and journalled in movable means so thateither can freely revolve and move to and fro relative to the crusherroll, a scattering table below the rolls and journalled in the trame.and means to cause said table and the crusher roll to revolvesimultaneously.

11. In combination, an automotive vehicle, a crusher and spreaderentirely supported by the vehicle and including a frame, a crusher rolljournalled in said frame, hangers swingingly mounted on the frame,pressure rolls journalled in said hangers and located one on each sideof the crusher roll so as to impart pressure on material passing saidcrusher roll regardless of its direction of rotation, means to urgethepressure rolls towards the crusher roll, a scattering table revolvablymounted beneath the rolls and mechamsm to simultaneously revolve saidtable and the crusher roll from the power unit oi' the automotivevehicle.

12. A crusher and spreader comprising, in combination, a frame, acrusher roll journalled in said frame, a pair of pressure rolls, one ateach side of the crusher roll, means to suspend said pressure rolls fromthe i'rame, a scattering table revolvably mounted beneath the rolls toreceive crushed material, and a prime mover to simultatrieously revolvethe crusher roll and scattering able.

13. In a device of the kind described, a frame, a scattering tablerevolvably mounted on the frame and positioned in a horizontal plane, aring mounted on the frame concentric with. the table and enclosing aspace of slightly greater area than said table and above the same toprovide a space for the passage of material from the.

table beneath the ring, and means adjustably mounted on said ring toclose any desired portion of the space between the ring and table forselectively controlling thev size and location of the discharge from thescattering table.

14. 'Ihe structure in claim 13, wherein the means for controlling thedischarge consists of a plurality of arcuate bands detachably andadjustably fastened to the inside of the ring.

15. A crusher and spreader comprising a frame, a power driven crusherroll journalled in said frame, pressure means* cooperating with saidcrusher roll and mounted for to and fro movement relative to saidcrusher roll, means to urge said pressure means towards the crusherroll, and a power driven scattering table journalled in the frame belowthe crusher roll.

16. A crusher and spreader comprising a frame, a power driven crusherroll journalled in said frame, a freely revolving pressure roll mountedfor coacting with and for to and fro movements relative to said crusherroll, means to urge said pressure roll towards 4the crusher roll, and apower driven scattering table located directly below the rolls.

LAFAYETTE MARCH.

